INTRODUCTION
The monumental accomplishment of the Human Genome Project, with its decoding of more than 30,000 genes in the human body, has opened up an entirely new spectrum of knowledge, one offering a tremendous potential for improving our health and well-being.
The human genome is the complete set of genes housed in 23 pairs of chromosomes. With the full sequencing of the human genome we are the first generation to benefit from the extraordinary insight of genomics in preventive health care.
CHROMOSOMES – GENES – DNA – NUCLEOTIDES
Our genes, which reside on chromosomes, consist of DNA which is made up of ladder-like chains of two different nucleotide-pairs A-T and G-C (illustrated below).
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image credit: U.S. Department of Energy Human Genome Program
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The DNA of every gene consists of a unique sequence of the nucleotide-pairs. This is our genetic code.
COMMON GENETIC VARIATIONS – SNP
The most common variation in the genetic code of humans is a SNP (pronounced ‘snip’) short for single nucleotide polymorphism. SNPs are the smallest possible variation involving a change in just one nucleotide-pair or ‘rung of the DNA ladder.’
PREVENTION
Studies have identified SNPs associated with disease susceptibility. The range of therapies targeted to compensate for SNPs is growing rapidly. These therapies may reduce the risk for diseases that disable and kill millions of Americans. Yet, clinical implementation of these advances may lag by decades.
MEDICAL SPECIAL INTERESTS
In the U.S., traditional medicine has become a fragmented system of special interests, well positioned to profit from disease care while patients fail to receive preventive health care.
Why shouldn’t we have medicine of insight and not of tradition?
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